Herpes simplex

From Ganfyd

Introduction

The Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the cause of cold sores, sexually transmitted disease (genital herpes) and ulcers. Neonatal herpes simplex can be a serious disease as can herpes simplex encephalitis. It is a likely cause of Bell's palsy.

Aetiology

Herpes simplex virus (HSV). Large, complex, DNA. There are two types of HSV, HSV 1 and HSV 2. Like other members of the family Herpesviridae, HSV establishes lifelong latency. HSV can reactivate when the host is immunocompromised, although the exact trigger is often not identified.

Clinical

HSV 1 is usually associated with oral HSV infections. HSV 2 is usually associated with genital herpes infections. However either HSV type can be found at either site.

• Cold sores
• Genital herpes
• HSV encephalitis
• Characteristic rash
• Association rash and systemic or CNS disease

Investigations

Laboratory Tests

• Direct fluorescent antibodies
• Tzanck preparation
• Immunofluorescence using HSV specific monoclonal antibodies
• HSV DNA PCR
• Cell culture
• HSV serology by ELISA. Both type-specific and non type-specific HSV serology are available.
• Lumbar puncture in suspected viral encephalitides

Radiology

• MRI and CT in suspected encephalitis

Treatment

Medical

• Antivirals such as aciclovir.

Prevention

Notification

External links

Until there is more content at Ganfyd, you might like to visit:

• HPA page on genital herpes