Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

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Can be caused by defects in:

  1. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor coded by the GNRHR gene
  2. Progonadoliberin-1 (cleaved to gonadotropin-releasing hormone) coded by the GNRH1 gene
  3. KiSS-1 receptor coded by the KISS1R gene.
  4. Nasal embryonic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone factor coded by the NLEF gene
  5. Basic fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 coded by the FGFR1 gene
  6. Prokineticin-2 coded by the PROK2 gene
  7. Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 7 coded by the CHD7 gene
  8. Fibroblast growth factor 8 coded by the FGF8 gene
  9. Tachykinin-3 coded by the TAC3 gene
  10. Neuromedin-K receptor (Tachykinin receptor) coded by the TACR3 gene

Many of the the above genes are also implicated in Kallmann syndrome which is hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and anosmia.

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