Neurotoxins
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Neurotoxins are toxins that damage nerves.
Below is an alphabetical list of known chemical (including drug) neurotoxins in man. Chemicals that have only to date been demonstrated to be neurotoxic in animals are excluded. Venoms, exotoxins and endotoxins, and many plant alkaloids were excluded initially unless a therapeutic drug. While the list is intended to include all neurotoxins that have been reported to cause illness in man, also check against Category:neurotoxins. Please do not include drugs such as anticholinergic agents that cause predictable (reversible) confusion as otherwise the list will become unmanageable. But if a drug or class of drug causes an encephalopathy or neuropathy please do add it.
The presence of a chemical on this list does not apply predictable neurotoxicity of any particular type. Indeed there are drugs in this list that are good choices sometimes to treat neurological conditions, and which only very rarely exhibit neurotoxicity. The absence of a chemical most certainly does not exclude it have the potential for neurotoxicity. Also to save space, specific drugs/chemicals are excluded when the neurotoxicity is a class effect, and only the class may be listed. Much neurotoxicity is a function of genetics, metabolism, level of exposure, time course of exposure and even when exposed (see developmental neurotoxicity). Further, although the list has been checked against several sources, spelling and other errors, such as duplication, are possible. Where possible rINN, IUPAC or BAN names have been specified to aid cross referencing.
A
- Acetone
- Acetonecyanhydrine(Acetone cyanohydrin, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propanenitrile)
- Acrylamide
- Acrylonitrile
- Adriamycin
- Aldicarb( [(2-methyl-2-methylsulfanyl-propylidene)amino] N-methylcarbamate)
- Aldrin( Dieldrin, Endrin)
- Allopurinol
- Allyl chloride(3-chloroprop-1-ene)
- Almitrine(6-[4-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]piperazin-1-yl]-N,N'-diprop-2-enyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine)
- Alpha-interferon
- Aluminum compounds
- Amiodarone
- Amitriptyline
- Aniline
- Arsenic and arsenic compounds
- Azide compounds
B
- Barium compounds
- Bensulide(N-(2-dipropan-2-yloxyphosphinothioylsulfanylethyl)benzenesulfonamide)
- Benzene
- Benzonitrile
- Benzyl alcohol
- 1-Benzyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1BnTIQ) - Parkinsonism
- Bismuth compounds
- Boroethane(Diborane)
- Bortezomib
- Bromchlophos,2-dibromo-1,1-dichloro-2-dimethoxyphosphoryloxy-ethane)
- Bromophos(4-bromo-2,5-dichloro-phenoxy)-dimethoxy-sulfanylidene-phosphorane)
- Butyl phosphorotrithioite(tris(butylsulfanyl)phosphane)
- Butylated triphenyl phosphate( t-Butylphenyl phenyl phosphate, oxido-oxo-phenoxy-(2-tert-butylphenoxy)phosphorane)
C
- Caprolactam( hexannic acid,azepan-2-one)
- Carbaryl(Carbamic acid,naphthalen-1-yl N-methylcarbamate)
- Carbofuran
- Carbon disulphide
- Carbon monoxide
- Carbophenothion
- Chloramphenicol
- Chlordane
- Chlordecone
- Chlorfenvinphos(2,4-dichloro-1-[(Z)-2-chloro-1-diethoxyphosphoryloxy-ethenyl]benzene)
- Chlormephos(chloromethylsulfanyl-diethoxy-sulfanylidene-phosphorane)
- Chloroform
- Chloroprene(2-chlorobuta-1,3-diene)
- Chloroquine
- Chlorprothixene((3Z)-3-(2-chlorothioxanthen-9-ylidene)-N,N-dimethyl-propan-1-amine)
- Chlorpyrifos(diethoxy-sulfanylidene-(3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl)oxy-phosphorane)
- Chlorthion((2-chloro-4-nitro-phenoxy)-dimethoxy-sulfanylidene-phosphorane)
- Ciclosporin
- Cimetidine
- Cisplatin
- Clioquinil
- Clofibrate
- Colchicine
- Coumaphos(3-chloro-7-diethoxyphosphinothioyloxy-4-methyl-chromen-2-one)
- Cumene
- Cyanide compounds
- Cyclohexane
- Cyclohexanol
- Cyclohexanone
- Cyclonite(1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane)
- Cyhalothrin([cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl] 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-prop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate)
- Cypermethrin([cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl] 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate)
- Cytarabine
D
- Dapsone
- Decaborane
- Deltamethrin([(S)-cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl] (1R,3R)-3-(2,2-dibromoethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate)
- Demeton(diethoxy-(2-ethylsulfanylethoxy)-sulfanylidene-phosphorane; 1-(ethoxy-(2-ethylsulfanylethylsulfanyl)phosphoryl)oxyethane)
- Dialifor(2-(2-chloro-1-diethoxyphosphinothioylsulfanyl-ethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione)
- Diazinon(diethoxy-(6-methyl-2-propan-2-yl-pyrimidin-4-yl)oxy-sulfanylidene-phosphorane)
- Dibromochloropropane
- Dibutyl phthalate(dibutyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate)
- Dichlofenthion((2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-diethoxy-sulfanylidene-phosphorane)
- Dichloroacetate
- Dichloroacetic acid
- dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane(DDT, 1-chloro-4-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]benzene)
- Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D,2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid)
- Dichloropropene(1,3-Dichloropropene, (E)-1,3-dichloroprop-1-ene)
- Dichlorvos(1,1-dichloro-2-dimethoxyphosphoryloxy-ethene)
- Didanosine(9-[(2R,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-3H-purin-6-one)
- Dieldrin( 1,2,3,4,10, 10-Hexachloro-6,7-epoxy-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-endo, endo-5,8-dimethanonaphthalene)
- Diethylene glycol
- Diethylene glycol diacrylate
- Dimefox(N-(dimethylamino-fluoro-phosphoryl)-N-methyl-methanamine)
- Dimethoate(2-dimethoxyphosphinothioylsulfanyl-N-methyl-acetamide)
- Dimethyl sulphate
- Dimethylaminopropionitrile(3-dimethylaminopropanenitrile)
- Dimethylformamide(N,N-Dimethylformamide)
- Dimethylhydrazine
- Dinitrobenzene
- Dinitrocresol
- Dinitrotoluene
- Dinoseb(2-butan-2-yl-4,6-dinitro-phenol)
- Dioxathion((3-diethoxyphosphinothioylsulfanyl-1,4-dioxan-2-yl)sulfanyl-diethoxy-sulfanylidene-phosphorane)
- Dioxine(TCDD, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorooxanthrene)
- Disulfiram
- Disulphoton(diethoxy-(2-ethylsulfanylethylsulfanyl)-sulfanylidene-phosphorane)
E
- Edifenphos((ethoxy-phenylsulfanyl-phosphoryl)sulfanylbenzene)
- Enalapril
- Endosulfan(Endosulphan)
- Endothion(2-(dimethoxyphosphorylsulfanylmethyl)-5-methoxy-pyran-4-one)
- Endrin(Hexadrin)
- EPN((2S)-3-(4-nitrophenoxy)propane-1,2-diol)
- Ethambutol
- Ethiofencarb([2-(ethylsulfanylmethyl)phenyl] N-methylcarbamate)
- Ethion(diethoxyphosphinothioylsulfanylmethylsulfanyl-diethoxy-sulfanylidene-phosphorane)
- Ethoprop(1-(ethoxy-propylsulfanyl-phosphoryl)sulfanylpropane)
- Ethoxyethyl acetate(2-Ethoxyethyl acetate)
- Ethyl acetate
- Ethylbis(2-chloroethyl)amine
- Ethylene
- Ethylene dibromide
- Ethylene glycol
- Ethylene oxide
- Ethylmercury
- Etoposide
F
- Fenitrothion(dimethoxy-(3-methyl-4-nitro-phenoxy)-sulfanylidene-phosphorane)
- Fensulfothion(diethoxy-(4-methylsulfinylphenoxy)-sulfanylidene-phosphorane)
- Fenthion(dimethoxy-(3-methyl-4-methylsulfanyl-phenoxy)-sulfanylidene-phosphorane)
- Fenvalerate([cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl] 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methyl-butanoate)
- Fluoride compounds
- Fluoroacetamide
- Fluoroacetic acid
- Fluorobisisopropylaminophosphine oxide(N-[fluoro-(propan-2-ylamino)phosphoryl]propan-2-amine)
- Fluoroquinolones
- Fluorouracil(5-FU)
- Fonofos(ethoxy-ethyl-phenylsulfanyl-sulfanylidene-phosphorane)
- Formothion(2-dimethoxyphosphinothioylsulfanyl-N-formyl-N-methyl-acetamide)
G
- Gemcitabine
- Glucochloralose( alpha-D-Glucofuranose, 1-[(3R,4S,5R,7R)-4-hydroxy-7(trichloromethyl)-2,6,8-trioxabicyclo[3.3.0]oct-3-yl]ethane-1,2-diol)
- Gluthethimide
- Gold salts
- Griseofulvin
H
- Heptachlor(1,4,5,6,7,8,8-Heptachloro-3a,4,7, 7a-tetrahydro-4,7-endo-methanoindene)
- Heptenophos(6-chloro-7-dimethoxyphosphoryloxy-bicyclo[3.2.0]hepta-3,6-diene)
- Hexachlorobenzene
- Hexachlorophene
- Hexamethylmelamine([[4,6-bis(bis(hydroxymethyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-(hydroxymethyl)amino]methanol)
- Hexane(n-Hexane)
- Hydralazine
- Hydrazine
- Hydrogen sulphide
- Hydroquinone
I
- Ifosfamide(N,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-2-oxo-1-oxa-3-aza-2$l^{5}-phosphacyclohexan-2-amine)
- Infliximab
- Isobenzan( 1,3,4,5,6,8,8-Octachloro-1,3,3a,4,7,7a-hexahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran)
- Isobutyronitrile
- Isolan((5-methyl-2-propan-2-yl-pyrazol-3-yl) N,N-dimethylcarbamate)
- Isoniazid
- Isophoron(3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one)
- Isopropyl alcohol
- Isopropylacetone
- Isoxathion(diethoxy-(5-phenyloxazol-3-yl)oxy-sulfanylidene-phosphorane)
L
- Lansoprazole
- Lead and lead compounds
- Leflunomide
- Leptophos((4-bromo-2,5-dichloro-phenoxy)-methoxy-phenyl-sulfanylidene-phosphorane)
- Lindane
- Lithium and Lithium compounds
M
- Manganese and manganese compounds
- MCTP - 1-Methyl-4-cyclohexyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine -Parkinsonism
- Mefloquine
- Mercury and mercuric compounds
- Metaldehyde(2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7-tetraoxocane)
- Methamidophos((amino-methylsulfanyl-phosphoryl)oxymethane)
- Methanol
- Methidathion(3-(dimethoxyphosphinothioylsulfanylmethyl)-5-methoxy-1,3,4thiadiazol-2-one)
- Methomyl((1-methylsulfanylethylideneamino) N-methylcarbamate)
- Methyl bromide
- Methyl butyl ketone
- Methyl cellosolve
- Methyl chloride
- Methyl demeton(1-(2-dimethoxyphosphorylsulfanylethylsulfanyl)ethane; 2-ethylsulfanylethoxy-dimethoxy-sulfanylidene-phosphorane)
- Methyl ethyl ketone
- Methyl formate
- Methyl iodide
- Methyl methacrylate
- Methyl parathion(dimethoxy-(4-nitrophenoxy)-sulfanylidene-phosphorane)
- Methylcyclopentane
- Methylene chloride
- Methylmercury
- Methyl-phenyl-tetrahydropyridine - Parkinsonism
- Metronidazole
- Mevinphos(methyl (E)-3-dimethoxyphosphoryloxybut-2-enoate)
- Mexacarbate((4-dimethylamino-3,5-dimethyl-phenyl) N-methylcarbamate)
- Misonidazole
- Monocrotophos((E)-3-dimethoxyphosphoryloxy-N-methyl-but-2-enamide)
N
- Nickel carbonyl
- Nicotine(3-[(2S)-1-methylpyrrolidin-2-yl]pyridine)
- Nitroaniline(p-Nitroaniline)
- Nitrobenzene
- Nitrofurantoin
- Nitropropane(2-Nitropropane)
- Nitrous oxide
O
- Octamethyl tetramido pyrophosphate(N-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphoryloxydimethylamino-phosphoryl]-N-methyl-methanamine)
- Omeprazole
- Oxaliplatin
- Oxydemeton-methyl(1-(2-dimethoxyphosphorylsulfanylethylsulfinyl)ethane)
P
- Paclitaxel
- Parathion(diethoxy-(4-nitrophenoxy)-sulfanylidene-phosphorane)
- Penicillamine
- Pentaborane
- Pentachlorophenol
- Pentanol(1-Pentanol, pentan-1-ol)
- Perchlordecone(Dodecachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-1H-cyclobuta(cd)pentalene)
- Perhexiline
- Phenelzine
- Phenol
- Phenylenediamine(p-Phenylenediamine)
- Phenylhydrazine
- Phenytoin
- Phorate(diethoxy-(ethylsulfanylmethylsulfanyl)-sulfanylidene-phosphorane)
- Phosphamidon((Z)-2-chloro-3-dimethoxyphosphoryloxy-N,N-diethyl-but-2-enamide)
- Phosphine oxide(3-(fluoro-methyl-phosphoryl)oxy-2,2-dimethyl-butane)
- Phosphine(phosphane)
- Phospholan(N-diethoxyphosphoryl-1,3-dithiolan-2-imine)
- Phosphorus
- Phthalonitrile(1,2-Benzenedicarbonitrile)
- Pocetaxel
- Podophyllin resin
- Polybrominated biphenyls
- Polybrominated diphenyl ethers
- Polychlorinated biphenyls
- Propafenone
- Propaphos(1-dipropoxyphosphoryloxy-4-methylsulfanyl-benzene)
- Propoxur((2-propan-2-yloxyphenyl) N-methylcarbamate)
- Propyl bromide
- Propylene oxide
- Pyridine
- Pyridoxine
- Pyriminil(3-(4-nitrophenyl)-1-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)urea)
Q
R
S
- Sarin(2-(fluoro-methyl-phosphoryl)oxypropane)
- Selenium compounds
- Sertraline
- Statins
- Stavudine
- Styrene
- Sulphonamides
- Sulphasalzine
- Sulprofos(ethoxy-(4-methylsulfanylphenoxy)-propylsulfanyl-sulfanylidene-phosphorane)
- Suramin(8-((4-methyl-3-((3-((3-((2-methyl-5-((4,6,8-trisulfonaphthalen-1-yl)carbamoyl)phenyl)carbamoyl)phenyl)carbamoylamino)benzoyl)amino)benzoyl)amino)naphthalene-1,3,5-trisulfonic acid)
T
- Tacrolimus
- Taxols
- Tebupirimfos(ethoxy-propan-2-yloxy-sulfanylidene-(2-tert-butylpyrimidin-5-yl)oxy-phosphorane)
- Tefluthrin((2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methyl-phenyl)methyl 3-[(Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-prop-1-enyl]-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate)
- Tellurium compounds
- Terbufos(diethoxy-sulfanylidene-(tert-butylsulfanylmethylsulfanyl)phosphorane)
- Tetrachloroethane
- Tetrachloroethylene
- Tetramethylthiouram disulfide(1-(dimethylthiocarbamoyldisulfanyl)-N,N-dimethylmethanethioamide
- Thalidomide
- Thallium compounds
- Tin compounds eg trimethyltin (TMT)
- Toluene
- Toxaphene(Camphechlor)
- Tributyl phosphate
- Trichlorfon(2,2,2-trichloro-1-dimethoxyphosphoryl-ethanol)
- Trichlormethine(2,2',2-Trichlorotriethylamine, 2-chloro-N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)ethanamine)
- Trichloroethane(Methyl chloroform, 1,1,1-trichloroethane)
- Trichloroethylene
- Trichloronat(ethoxy-ethyl-sulfanylidene-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)phosphorane)
- Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4,5-T, 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetate)
- Trimethyl phosphate
- Tri-o-tolyl phosphate(1-bis(2-methylphenoxy)phosphoryloxy-2-methyl-benzene)
- Triphenyl phosphate
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
- Zalcitabine( 4-amino-1-[(2R,5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]pyrimidin-2-one)
- Zimeldine(E)-3-(4-bromophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridin-3-yl-prop-2-en-1-amine)
