Onchocerca volvulus

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The usual human cause of river blindness (onchocerciasis). It is transmitted by the blackfly Simulium spp. (eg Simulium damnosum, Simulium sirbanum, Simulium neavei), whose larvae and pupae live in a phoretic association on freshwater crabs. Some symptoms associated with it are caused by the Wolbachia endosymbiont.

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